19/06/2016 0. In LTE, DL and UL transmissions are organized into radio frames of 10 ms each. 25 MHz to 20 MHz. Two duplex schemes FDD and TDD are supported. In FDD, half of the subframes are reserved for uplink and half for downlink in both full-duplex and half-duplex. 5 ms. RACH is responsible for the Random-Access process. of slots=20. This video then walks you through the concept of carriers and bandwidth parts, and. 5 ms) in the time. Bandwidth vs RBs • LTE physical layer supports any bandwidthTime Domain transmission pattern of SS Block in NR is more complicated than LTE SS Block (Actually LTE has only one pattern of SSB Transmission in Time Domain as shown in LTE Frame Structure. When you study the physical frame structure of LTE, you may be impressed by flexibility (meaning complexity in other way) of all the possible ways of resource allocation. Time z) Subcarrier (15 kHz) Symbol | 19 LTE-V2X PHY-layer Structure A 10 MHz channel comprises 50 RBs (20 MHz →100 RBs) Divided into several equal-size subchannels Each subchannel divided into control and. In TDD, one single frequency will be used at. A. Yang Chamsol. Alternative frame structures are defined for use with TDD. The LTE radio frame for downlink and uplink transmission is long. This Video Explains the LTE technology basics, OFDMA and LTE Frame Structures and types. The LTE standard uses Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) modulation to achieve robust transmission in multipath scenarios (Liu et al. As illustrated below, there can be two major types suggested. (normal cyclic prefix) or six (extended cyclic prefix). 11 frequency region. As described above, in 5G/NR multiple numerologies (waveform configuration like subframe spacing) are supported and the radio frame structure gets a little bit different depending on the type of the numerology. LTE Radio Physical Layer Sadayuki Abeta NTT DOCOMO. In the special slot, symbols allocated for downlink, gap and uplink are 10:2:2 respectively. Determine frame synchronization and cell identification (cell search procedure) based. 211 6. This type of radio frame has duration of 10ms and consists of 20 slots, with each slot having equal duration of 0. The chapter concludes with an end-to-end procedure of when the UE powers-up in an LTE network, interchanging data with the network and mobiles around. Figure 1 shows frame structure type 1, which can be used in either full-duplex or half-duplex FDD mode. LTE frame structures used for TDD 36. In 5G NR, there is the concept of flexible TDD uplink and downlink sub-frame allocation. The frame can be dynamically configured to any one of the preset configurations shown, depending on the instantaneous data transmission requirement. A subframe is defined as two consecutive slots. 72 (=0. These two frames, which are incompatible with each other, will require new functionalities to avoid interference at borders. This is the same as in LTE, facilitating NR and LTE coexistence. Hence there are total 20 slots in a radio frame. A table will be displayed. Switching Points . 4G/LTE - PHY Channel PSS (Primary Synchronization Channel) PSS is a specific physical layer signal that is used for radio frame synchronization. A frame structure is disclosed herein that aims to provide more flexibility. 7 Physical random access channel for the details. As I mentioned in previous section, three different sequences are used as the primary sync signal and there is a one-to-one mapping between each of. It enables very low latency, fast HARQ acknowledgements, dynamic TDD, coexistence with LTE and transmissions of variable length (for example, short duration for URLLC and long duration for eMBB). A standard LTE system architecture consists of an Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network, more commonly known as E-UTRAN, and the System Architecture Evolution, also known as SAE. Simplified LTE network elements and interfaces 3GPP TS 36. Frame structure Type 1 is illustrated in the upper portion of Figure 9-66. The figure below shows the structure of the downlink physical channel and downlink physical signals. The purpose of different frame structures: flexible, multiple uses. One slot is defined as 14 OFDM symbols, which corresponds to once a frame or one millisecond in LTE. These are; - Type 1 FDD (Frequency Division Duplexing) - Type 2 TDD (Time Division Duplexing) Type 1: It is designed for frequency division duplex, and is valid for both half duplex, and full. There are two types of LTE frame structures. Frame Structure Downlink Uplink Reference Signal. A typical LTE frame is 10 ms (milliseconds) long. Type 1, applicable to FDD- Here there are. Depending on the cyclic prefix (CP) duration, each slot carries a number of orthog-LTE TDD Frame Structure ? FDD|| TDD क्या है I अगर प्रोटोकॉल टेस्टिंग की है तैयारी तो जरूर देखो. LTE-A Frame Structure. Uplink and downlink configurations are used to create subframes (0 to 6). LTE DL Frame Structure in a Nutshell. , Frame Structure Type 3) was introduced to facilitate unlicensed spectrum operation consisting of 10 subframes of length 1 ms as illustrated in Fig. The evolved packet core communicates with packet data networks in the outside world such as the internet,. LTE tutorial- This tutorial on LTE covers LTE system overview, LTE air interface,LTE SAE and provide link for LTE Frame structure, LTE physical layer,LTE protocol stack,LTE terminologies,LTE advanced,LTE vendors etc. It describes the details of the optimization process including performance measurements and troubleshooting mechanisms in addition to demonstrating common. LTE devices remain unaffected (i. Learn the details of LTE-NB frame structure for downlink operation mode, including the subframe mapping, the reference signal, the NPBCH, NPSS and NSSS. Time z) Subcarrier (15 kHz) Symbol | 19 LTE-V2X PHY-layer Structure A 10 MHz channel comprises 50 RBs (20 MHz →100 RBs) Divided into several equal-size subchannels Each subchannel divided into control and. 212 5. LTE FRAME STRUCTURE AND SIGNAL MODEL A. The frame structure below ( Figure 1) is applicable to TDD. 5 kHz UL shift . The Long Term Evolution (LTE) takes the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) as the. Download scientific diagram | LTE Downlink eMBMS subframe structure: eMBMS subframes (1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8) and non-eMBMS subframes (0, 4, 5, 9) in an LTE Frame, where. In TDD mode, the SF is either of type DL, UL or special (Spc). 5 ms 1 subframe = 1 ms #0 #1 #19 Special subframes containing: DwPTS: downlink pilot time slot UpPTS: uplink pilot time slot GP: guard period for TDD operation Possible uplink-downlink configurations (D=Downlink,There are two types of LTE frame structures. C. (As you know, one sample (Ts) is 1/30. Demodulating an LTE Signal in MATLAB with LTE System Toolbox. Frame Structure - Candidates before 3GPP . 5ms [9]. 5G, the fifth generation of wireless technology, employs a new radio access. Hardware. A TDD frame structure is shown in below figure. A typical LTE frame is 10 ms (milliseconds) long. TETRA Frame Structure. 211 for FDD LTE is as follows. 5 ms. Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology. 211). 211 5. Low Layer Procedures DCI HARQ PHY Processing MIMO MIMO/CA(Big Pict. 1. Additionally, NR supports transmission based on mini-slot (a fraction of a. A non-exhaustive list of. (Basic LTE-A) Simultaneous PUCCH and PUSCH (Advanced LTE) Scalable bandwidth: 1. Frame Structure2. Let us understand LTE FDD and TDD LTE versions with figures and band example below. FDD is operated in the paired spectrum (see Sect. The period of one LTE radio frame structure is 10ms. In case of co-site deployment, slot- and frame structures may be aligned to simplify cell search and inter. Modulation: OFDM with QPSK, 16 QAM, 64 QAM 10. LTE standard has been published by 3GPP as an extension of UMTS (based on 3GPP standard) and 1xEV-DO (base on 3GPP2 standard) technologies. Type 1, applicable to FDD- Here there are. The structure of the HDL LTE MIMO Transmitter subsystem is shown below. The selection of bandwidth depends on factors like network capacity and available spectrum. Each. Each frame is composed of 10 subframes of 1 msec duration. 2 LTE Frame Structure The frame structure is dependent on the duplex scheme applied in the spectrum. Each radio frame consists of two identical 5 ms half-frames. LTE uses the concept of a resource block, which is a block of 12 subcarriers in one slot. The 51-frame Control Channel Multiframe in GSM. As described above, in 5G/NR multiple numerologies (waveform configuration like subframe spacing) are supported and the radio frame structure gets a little bit different. The uplink and downlink bands are separated in the frequency domain using a guard band. 3) is used for Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) mode; however, the type 2 structure (Fig. 3) is used for Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) mode; however, the type 2 structure (Fig. Each LTE frame has 10 sub-frames (1 ms each) while each sub-frame is further divided into 2 slots (0. Bits are transmitted serially. LTE supports two radio frame structures [15]: 1. 2 Zadoff−Chu (ZC) sequences 189 9. The NR frame structure supports TDD and FDD transmissions and operation in both the licensed and the unlicensed spectrum. Each subframe composed of 2 time slots. • The figure-1 depicts overall time frame structure used in NB-IoT AS (Access Stratum). Particular attention is given to LTE’s use of multiple antenna techniques and to the modulation scheme called single carrier frequency division multiple access (SCFDMA). Since the modulation format is OFDM (regular OFDM for the downlink, and DFT- precoded OFDM in the uplink. This is because neighboring cells are generally required to use different cell IDs. It has explained following topics in the same order as given below:1. 211: Physical Channels and Modulation - 3GPP TS 36. Frame Structure There are two types of LTE frame structures. INHA UNIVERSITY. 1. LTE system basic parameters and LTE Frame structure: Frame Size=10ms. A subframe comprises two slots, thus one radio frame has 10 sub‐frames. PHICH (Physical Hybrid ARQ (Automatic Repeat reQuest) Indicator Channel) PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel) Available for PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel) TDD guard period in special subframe. This is the first message from UE to eNB when you power it on. 2 μs. 𝜇Each subframe consists of 2 slots of 14 OFDM symbols each. 2. There are two types of LTE frame structure: Type 1: used for the LTE FDD mode systems. 4G/LTE - Reference Signal. Frame-Structure in LTE. The LTE specifications define both FDD and TDD modes of operation. Expected in the 2008 time frame, LTE is a 3GPP standard that provides for an uplink speed of up to 50 megabits per second (Mbps) and a downlink speed of up to 100 Mbps. S. As of now, around 16 carriers can be aggregation in. Basic time unit Ts for BW of 20MHz, (1/15000)*2048 seconds equal to 32. When data is. Long Term Evolution (LTE) is the latest buzzword on everyone’s lips, but are you as conversant with the LTE architecture as you would like to be, or — more importantly —. FDD downlink frame structure detailed; TDD frame structure; LTE (any OFDM/OFDMA) band is made up of multiple small spaced channels and we call each of these small channels as “Sub Carrier”. Page 2 - 2 - INHA UNIVERSITY. The IP packet is enveloped in the 4G-LTE layers: 4G-LTE Packet Structure. Timing Advance in LTE . For example, the public network has more downlinks, and the private network or private network has more uplinks. 5G NR: Numerologies and Frame structure Supported Transmission Numerologies - A numerology is defined by sub-carrier spacing and Cyclic-Prefix overhead. The LTE frame structure for the FDD and TDD schemes was discussed in Chapter 9. 5ms each. There are two types of frames in LTE;FDD and TDD. of slots=20. . As mentioned TETRA frame is basically TDMA frame. LTE TDD frame structure is shown below. 5G, and 5G are covered in subsequent modules. 16d standard Zigbee RF4CE Frame Structure Zigbee physical layer Frame Structure Zigbee MAC. Type 1: used for the LTE FDD mode systems. 5 ms each. • A radio frame has duration of 10 ms. When selecting one of the LTE Frame Configuration15 The Figure below shows respective position of the uplink demodulation reference signal in FDD LTE uplink frame structure including sounding reference signal position. OFDMA System Model LTE (Long Term Evolution) uses OFDMA and SC-FDMA at downstream and upstream for downlink and uplink transmission. Frame Structure The following figure shows the frame structure of an LTE signal (FDD). 55ns. LTE TDD Overview. Telecom. The Fading parameters are available for Advanced LTE and Advanced LTE-A TDD carriers only. Presentation about LTE frame structure TRANSCRIPT. 0%Abstract: In this chapter, we introduce the OFDM‐based LTE signal and frame structure to explain how the user‐plane and control‐plane data from the higher layers, such as the. Hierarchy of Frame Structure : Frame (Radio Frame) --> SubFrame --> Slot (Same. LTE protocols in connected or idle mode). 5 Paging over S1 15 6. lets take few example to understand frame structure in more details . Two duplex schemes FDD and TDD are supported. I think if we note to general sub-carrier in distinct LTE Bandwidth we are able to identified the answer. Each radio frame will have a total of ten subframes, each with two time slots. System Information Blocks are grouped in SI containers. There are two types of LTE frame structure: Type 1: used for the LTE FDD mode systems. The 10 ms frame comprises two half frames, each 5 ms long. The slots are divided into symbols – each slot has either 6 or 7 symbols. Please share this video with your friends. The duration of each subframe is 1 ms. Other key features of LTE include the following: Carrier aggregation that supports up to 5 component carriers (e. System Information. Resource Elements and Resource Blocks. This page introduces several candiates for 5G Frame Structure before 3GPP finalize the specification. Each radio frame is divided into 10 subframes (each being 1ms long). The 5G NR frame structure depicts subframes,slot and symbol configurations. Citation 2014). Protocols RACH SIB PAGING MAC RLC PDCP Full Stack Basic Call Idle Mode Multi Cell UE. frame, called resource elements (REs). Type 2: used for the LTE TDD systems. One Radio Frame is made up of 10 subframes. See the differences and similarities with legacy LTE. Here are some important parameters and downlink modulation techniques used in LTE: 1. A Radio frame/System frame is of 10 msec. 10 mili second radio frame consists of Downlink subframe, Uplink subframe and Special subframe. However, unlike LTE-U, LAA use a special physical layer frame structure called Frame Structure Type 3 which didn't exisit before. 3GPP LTE Frame Structure 2, Applicable to TDD. There can be a variable number of slots per subframe, with 14 OFDM symbols per slot. 5G NR Supports two frequency ranges FR1 (Sub 6GHz) and FR2 (millimeter wave range, 24. Prasad. Technical Overview of 3GPP LTE| Hyung G. For example, the length of PRACH with preamble format 0 is (3186 + 24567) Samples. CHANNEL BANDWITH vs BANDS . One element that is shared by the LTE Downlink and Uplink is the generic frame structure. 4 MHz, 3. The LTE specifications define both FDD and TDD modes of operation. When you study the physical frame structure of LTE, you may be impressed by flexibility (meaning complexity in other way) of all the possible ways of resource allocation. •LTE Channel Mapping •LTE Frame Structure •LTE Identities •LTE Power On Scenario •LTE Signals PSS & SSS •LTE System Information •LTE DL Channels: PBCH, PHICH, PCFICH •LTE DL Channels : PDCCH, PDSCH •LTE UL Channels: PUCCH, PUSCH •LTE RACH Procedure •LTE Layer 3-NAS and RRCPHICH (Physical Hybrid ARQ (Automatic Repeat reQuest) Indicator Channel) PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel) Available for PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel) TDD guard period in special subframe. 7 μs. Each subframe has two slots. SI-1 transmitted every 80ms, SI-2 every 160ms and SI-3 every 320 ms. A cell identity is derived from a physical layer cell identity group. Signal Studio for LTE/LTE-Advanced FDD currently supports only FDD and frame structure type 1. Frame structure of the LTE resource grid. 2. PMP frame to this LTE frame, the downlink start has to align to the beginning of subframe 4, not subframe 0. LTE Frame structure. 3. 5 99 198 396 397. The frame structure is divided into three types: FDD, TDD, FDD and TDD. 2. TD-SCDMA frame structure is shown in figure 2, which depicts frame hierarchy. 4MHZ. In the case of TDD operation (frame structure type 2, middle part of Figure 5. MasterInformationBlock ::= SEQUENCE { dl-Bandwidth ENUMERATED { n6, n15, n25, n50, n75, n100},Signal Studio for LTE/LTE-Advanced FDD currently supports only FDD and frame structure type 1. Determine frame synchronization and cell identification (cell search procedure) based. Frame Structure - Candidates before 3GPP . Choose a configuration with more “D”s in the frame means greater proportion of Downlink Data (normal for most Internet /ISP applications) Tables defining Uplink Frame Structure; Frame Structure/Resource Grid; RU (Resource Unit) Tables defining Uplink Frame Structure . Network and Protocol Architecture. Standards for the first and second phases of 5G are moving towards completion, and early deployments can piggy-back on 4G LTE infrastructure. (You will understand this time interval if you look at the LTE Downlink frame structure explained at DL FrameStructure section) As I mentioned in previous section, three different sequences are used as the primary sync signal and there is a one-to-one mapping between each of the three sequences and the cell ID within the cell identity group. 12 6. Frame Structure . OFDMA Downlink. OVERVIEW The design of the LTE physical layer (PHY) is heavily influenced by the requirements for high peak transmission rate (100 Mbps DL/50 Mbps UL), spectral efficiency, and multiple channel bandwidths (1. 211: “Physical Channels and Modulation” - 3GPP TS 36. Special Subframes Radio Frame Length = 10 ms. Last but not least, we provide an overview. OFDMA and SC-FDMA 3. crostrip line with a 0. A standard LTE system architecture consists of an Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network, more commonly known as E-UTRAN, and the System Architecture Evolution, also known as SAE. Deciding on LTE vs 5G depends greatly on the use cases one expects from the network, as well as one’s budget and location. This video looks at OFDM waveforms, and the different subcarrier spacings supported in 5G NR. Now consider the details of a symbol. – Frame structure type 1 (FS1): FDD. Type 1: Used in LTE FDD. Type 1 radio frame has a duration 10 ms and consists of equally sized 20 slots each of 0. 2 Initiation over S1 14 6. 7. The data streams are terminated in Terminal Equipment (TE). This generic frame structure is used with FDD. A frame has 10 subframes having 1ms duration each. The frame structure for the type 2 frames used on LTE TDD is somewhat different. Like 4G, the frame is 10ms long with 1ms subframes, but it is a lot more flexible but also more complex. It is composed of 20 slots of 0. A phone must typically perform the following tasks (Figure 5): Acquire a signal on a given LTE carrier frequency. Even though they use a little bit different name, in all cellular technology (CDMA, GSM, WCDMA, LTE) there is a specific signal that perform the same function. When data is available in the LAA transmission queue, the basestation employs energy detection to sense the wireless channel and determine whether it is busy or idle. LTE standard has been published by 3GPP as an extension of UMTS (based on 3GPP standard) and 1xEV-DO (base on 3GPP2 standard. One sub frame is composed of 7 normal time slots used for downlink/uplink and 3 special time slots. 6 Uplink hopping 182 8. It consists of a 10 ms radio frame divided into 20 slots, numbered 0 to 19, each with a duration of 0. Each subframe contains two time slots with. 2. LTE Duplex Specific 17. It describes the details of the optimization process including performance measurements and troubleshooting mechanisms in addition to demonstrating common. Expected in the 2008 time frame, LTE is a 3GPP standard that provides for an uplink speed of up to 50 megabits per second (Mbps) and a downlink speed of up to 100 Mbps. However, unlike LTE-U, LAA use a special physical layer frame structure called Frame Structure Type 3 which didn't exisit before. LTE has radio frame of duration 10ms consisting of 10 subframes. 1. The minimum unit being frame (or TDMA frame) is made of 8 time slots. Tables defining Uplink Frame Structure . 11 devices. The type 1 FDD-based radio frame structure is shown in Figure 2. In the frame structure, there are 14 TTIs (Transmission Time Intervals), in which four DMRS (Demodulation Reference Signals) and. Each frame is divided into ten equally sized subframes. LTE uses OFDMA for the downlink, with a fairly simple frame structure, and SC-FDMA for the uplink. Frame Structure: MAC-LCID. 211 frame structure type 2 (DL / UL / SSF) Correct choice of Configuration value is essential when setting the UL/DL ratio for CableFree LTE networks using TDD bands. Total Frame duration is about 10ms. LTE RACH in Details . DCI DCI . Sub frame duration=1 ms. 2. 211 Table 5. It consists of 20 equal-sized time slots. 0 (2019-02): a. When an LTE system in one country is within the footprint of a satellite service owned by another country, to prevent the interference from the satellite services, the LTE system will avoid using the overlapped frequency bands. 1. The mobile equipment has the following core modules: All communication functions are handled by Mobile Termination (MT). This provides several benefits, including:“10ms” version, and gives greater opportunity for uplink/downlink flexibility. Hybrid ARQ Transmission Short Frame Sizes of 10ms and 1ms faster feedback and better efficiency at high speed 13. Slot Structure. The LTE physical layer supports two types of frame structures as types 1 and 2. LTE (telecommunication) In telecommunications, long-term evolution ( LTE) is a standard for wireless broadband communication for mobile devices and data terminals, based on the GSM / EDGE and UMTS / HSPA standards. Please share this video with your friends. The downlink subframe structure in LTE-M only uses a part of the downlink subframe REs in LTE. 25 MHz. The resource element, which is 1 subcarrier x 1 symbol, is the smallest discrete part of the frame and contains a single complex value representing data from a physical channel or signal. 33 4. To configure the downlink signal in this slot pattern, two separate DL-SCHs will be needed to represent two different channel. , Frame Structure Type 3) was introduced to facilitate unlicensed spectrum operation consisting of 10 subframes of length 1 ms as illustrated in Fig. 4 Frame structure type 2 177 8. The design considera-tions are explained below. The fig-2 depicts the TETRA frame structure. LTE tutorial videos, articles, and code examples introduce key LTE concepts and effective techniques and workflows for LTE physical layer development including: Waveform generation. 10 Variable Subcarrier Spacing Slot configuration 0 Subcarrier spacing (kHz) 15 30 60 120 240 Symbol duration (no CP) (μs) 66. Figure 10: Frame structure in LTE. Signal analysis. The type 1 structure ( Fig. For example, S-CCPCH is transmitted at the multiples of 256 chips delay from the start of CPICH(Start of frame timing). Evolved Packet Core (EPC) 4. Slot duration=0. The LTE physical layer supports two types of frame structures as types 1 and 2. A typical LTE frame is 10 ms (milliseconds) long. 211 4 Frame structure). You would see that the length of PRACH preamble varies depending on the preamble format. The air interface described in the chapter covers the concepts of LTE frame structure, downlink and uplink scheduling, and detailed illustrations of the data flow across the. A transport block is a group of resource blocks with a common modulation/coding. 211 V16. 2. We also have a separate sec. Physical layer. Bandwidth will be scalable from 1. 27/06/2023 0. LTE system basic parameters and LTE Frame structure: Frame Size=10ms No. When a UE receives the LTE signal, it must first convert the signal into the frame structure to be able to extract the transmitted information. Figure 1 illustrates the structure of the LTE radio frame. 9. In FDD there will be pair of frequencies assigned in the downlink and uplink directions and hence transmissions from multiple subscribes can happen at the same time but on different frequencies as mentioned. 104: Evolved Universal Terrestrial. LTE system basic parameters and LTE Frame structure: Frame Size=10ms. One slot is defined as 14 OFDM symbols, which corresponds to once a frame or one millisecond in LTE. Ok now on to our Downlink LTE frame structure. 4G/LTE Quick Reference Quick Picture Basic Procedure Troubleshoot Tips. e. No of Slots per Sub frame =2. Each LTE frame has 10 sub-frames (1 ms each) while each sub-frame is further. Moreover, each subframe is further divided into two equally sized time slots, that is, each slot is 0. The duration of one LTE radio frame is 10 ms. 17 Nominal max BW (MHz) 49. In telecommunications, long-term evolution ( LTE) is a standard for wireless broadband communication for mobile devices and data terminals, based on the GSM / EDGE and UMTS / HSPA standards. Frame Structure 2. Primary Synchronization Signal (P-SS) Sequences. Each two consecutive time slots are combined as one. 55ns. Two consecutive time slots will form one subframe. In TDD there are about 7 frame configurations, based on different DL/UL. Figure 1. Note: there are much more content (other technologies), find out there:. 4G/LTE - MBSFN. Each LTE frame has 10 sub-frames (1 ms each) while each sub. Type 2 LTE frame structure. The Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN). Although a slot is a typical unit for transmission upon which scheduling operates, NR enables transmission to LTE-Advanced Physical Layer Overview. 8MHZ. LTE FDD uses 10ms frames, divided into 20 sub-frames or slots (of 0. 0 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, and 20 MHz. 5 ms. structure Basic unit of resource is the Physical Resource Block (PRB). Similar as most of the previous researches [8, 9, 11, 15, 16], only downlink communication is considered in this work. The LTE half-frames are further split into. There are two types of frame structure in the LTE standard, Type 1 and Type 2. Figure 2. The subframes may be divided into standard sub frames of special sub frames. RACH is responsible for the Random-Access process. There are two types of frames in LTE;FDD and TDD. The PSS & SSS generation generates PSS,. Frame Structure Type 1. 5 ms. The elementaryblock ofanLTE frameis a com-plex symbol, defined as a resource element (RE). ‘Stand-alone operation’ utilizing for example the spectrum currently being used by GERAN systems as a replacement of one or more GSM carriers. LTE. 4G LTE, 5G NR and beyond while continuing to serve as a reliable mobile communication platform in various regions. 5ms duration. 10. 55ns. 211).